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The Amazonas state constitutes a substantial proportion of 430,000 km2 comprising the Guiana Shield. The relief can be classified mostly as low and flat, covered with forests interrupted by savannas and mountain ranges, many of the formation known as "tepuis.

Manapiare Valleys, the Gran Sabana of Ventuari, Casiquiare lowlands, the vast band that extends to both banks of the Orinoco, rising almost to the stream of Guaharibos occupy thousands of square kilometers of flat land that drain their waters into the Hoya del Norte in the Orinoco, or south on the Black Hole of Rio, with an average slope of 2%.

The higher parts or headers in this region forming a great valley, bordering with Brazil are in the ranges of Parima Curupira, Tapira-sin, until stopped abruptly in the mountains of the mist, which is almost entirely within national territory and its great height can be grouped with other more significant elevations of the Amazon, as Marahuaca with 3,000 mt., in The Fog peaks Phelps 3050 mt., Zuloaga 2800 mt., Cardona 2650 mt. Cerro Duida with 3 major peaks, the largest of 2332 mt.; The Guanay 2300 mt., The Yavi 2285 mt., In the Cordillera del Sipapo several, one of the highest in the Parare 1650 mt., Of relative importance would be: Cerro Avispa 1.600 mt., Huachamacare l.600 mt., Yapacana 1.300 mt., Autana the Family, which rises like a giant column just over 1,000 mt. ASIS 1665 mt.

The temperature varies with altitude, but in the lowlands, which are the most extensive, as is the case of Puerto Ayacucho, the average is 28 º C, and in San Carlos de Rio Black is 26.5 º C annual averages. Also varies with the seasons of drought or rain, being noted during the months of June and July at relatively low temperatures, the season of more heavy rain.

The terrain in the north and west of the country consists of mountains, but in the Amazon form true solid separated by great distances.

Among the most comprehensive and scientific studies that have been made in Amazonas State in all respects, are those of the Development Committee of Southern Venezuela (CODESUR). Atlas Amazonas we take the following paragraphs on Geo-physical conditions.

"This region is part of the Archean shield Brazilian, whose base is formed by rocks of Precambrian age, such as the Amazonian granitic complex (more than 2,000 million years) and granite Parguaza (1,500 million years). Erosional processes acting on the shield, allowed accumulation in certain sites of the same, powerful layers of sediment, which were the subject of change and transformation for triggering the Roraima formation.

"The relief forms belonging to the Roraima formation were subsequently intruded by granites, gabbros and diabase in the form of dykes, sills and lacolitos, causing metamorphism and mineralization zones. These intrusions have provided support to the residual forms of that training. "

"The existing geological conditions, the long action of the erosive processes and climatic conditions have allowed the formation of a set of landscapes, reliefs and forms of original details."

"Precambrian granitic massif, which generally are witnesses of ancient erosion surfaces. Some of them like the plateau of Unturan Tapira-sinned, retained considerable areas of original surface, while others, like Parguaza massif and the Sierra Parima relict only offer.

"Beds Roraima formation or residual forms that occur as plateaus surrounded by steep that can exceed 1,000 meters area overlooking the reliefs neighbors. In such solid forms are seen the results of actions or pseudo-karst disoluci6n. Among the representatives of these forests are the hills Duida, Paru and Autana.

Written by :

Henrik Linde Bratfeldt

 

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