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Chapter deserves this blessing of nature that is the arm or Casiquiare Channel, which like the "Superb Orinoco," have written and you can still write many books ....

Casiquiare originates a hydrological phenomenon (long story), changing the voluminous waters of the Orinoco by the stony gorge Tama-tama; little less than two km. below, where such mass movement increases in speed and making hills (divortium Aquarium) breaks the left bank of the river, pouring out there 30% of its water due west of the mouth of a 200 mt. This initial spill or overflow of the Orinoco comes after a journey of 370 km. and a drop of 21 mt. flows into the river Guainia and a width of about 1,000 mt. It is estimated that the basin covers about 35,000 km2.

Just a few kilometers from the fork, as the channel begins to receive its own tributaries, the first pipe CARIPE, the second a few kms. below, the Pamoni, then Pasiba, the Siapa, the union Pasimoni YATU-Bari. The largest, the navigable tributaries Siapa Emoni, Manipitare and Matapirí. After the first big flood in Upper Siapa or Idapa, it receives among others, the river Castano.

The hill was born in Bari The Mist, descend the grand and impressive canyon of the barium and to get to the bottom and flat, is divided into many small channels, comparable to a capillary system that form a network crisscrossing runs in direction North, but one of the stations runs southward thickening then proceeded with pipes leading to it, bearing the name of Channel Maturacá, black bears these stormy waters of barium Cauaburí River in Brazil. Hua at the site of that channel is the milestone border with Brazil, being able to say that the waters above the jump are from Venezuela and those that have fallen are from Brazil. Maturacá Channel is a smaller replica Casiquiare Arm because the river water robs Bari in Venezuela to take them to a Black River tributary in Brazil, Cauaburí.

Major tributaries of the Casiquiare born in the southern highlands, bordering with Brazil to run north and empties into the canal, on its left bank, which is almost a sub watershed; configure a wonder of nature, because the only important navigable natural channel, known so far, which links two very different river systems and paragraphs. This allows us to navigate without interruption from anywhere in the Orinoco to the Amazon River and down to any of its navigable tributaries, or what is equally fantastic, navigate to any country in South America except Chile.

We know this path, having made four return trips on these same rivers from the Orinoco to San-Tarem in the Amazon River are also several air travel for the same locations. Many studies have been made and designed for the use of this important internal waterway of America, which has already been trafficked determined and tested by scientists and explorers.

THE Black River system makes Guainia-Venezuela-Colombia boundary. Guainia born in Colombia and from the stream of Deer Island and start running south direction, as the border with Colombia to the south San Jose island, where he comes fully to Brazil to take his black flow to the river Amazon. When you get your great tributary, the Casiquiare beginning to be called Black River. After entering Venezuela, receives several tributaries, including the Pimichin, handsome, and Columbus, but he mentions, in particular the San Miguel River or Conorichite, which have their origin in the estuaries or lagoons Macavacape, runs westward. Almost at the same gaps originates a small creek that falls to Casiquiare on its right bank and is called pipe waste. In the season of heavy rains over these two streams of water are united in their headers, allowing a person very knowledgeable in these areas, can get out of the Waste Casiquiare and go live on the San Miguel River or Conorichite Guainia Maroa or Victorino coming up and vice versa, saving several days of sailing to make the trip for this irregular way, without using the normal-Guainía Casiquiare.

Compared with the state's area is estimated that the water collected by the Orinoco and its tributaries, covering an area of 115,000 km2, covering an area of almost 70%, in terms of water draining to the Black River and arrive the Amazon River, water an area of 52,000 km2. equivalent to 30%. These two basins are connected by the arm Casiquiare.

The highest regions of the Parima and part of its foothills, are also the highest parts of the main watercourses, where there is a very significant hydropower potential of over 100 kw per km2., Partly caused by the altitude marked pending, but helped by the very high rainfall typical of the area. Also at the southern border where they are the highest parts of the rivers YATU, Mavaca Siapa and has been given a high hydroelectric potential is very close to the 100 kw. per km2.

It is assumed that this area of the South would have a tremendous geo-political importance as it is situated in the central north of South America at the contact point between Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil. Even in areas where the Black River communicates with the vast network of rivers of the Amazon basin it navigable rivers confluence of all South American countries except Chile.

We must also mention the main tributaries of the Orinoco that come from the Colombian territory, all navigable: Volume, Tuparro, Vichada, Sama, Matabeni, Guaviare, the Guasacavi that fell by the river Atabapo.

It is estimated that the known part of the rivers in this state, is at least 38% of the gross national hydroelectric potential.

We noted major rivers, both tributaries of the Orinoco and the main tributaries that feed these, the same with the arm Casiquiare and Guainia-basin of the Black River. The lengths are in km. some estimates.

Orinoco 2800

Atabapo 130

Mavaca 142

Atacavi 101

Ocamo 230

103 Temi

Iguape 50

Canam 104

Cunucunuma 205

Patacame 40

Yagua 87

Ucaquén 36

Puruname 78

Sipapo 165

Cataniapo 68

Guayapa 145

Ventuari 460

Autana 108

Manapiare 126

Cuao 195

Parucito 86

Casiquiare 370

216 Paru

Pamoni 92

Asita 115

Pasiba 77

Marietta 67

Pasimoni 76

Marueta 50

YATU 103

Guapuchí 71

Bari 110

Yureba 63

Siapa 215

Uesete 68

Matapire 194

Yatiti 40

Manipitare 120

Ax 60

103 Chestnut

Antabare 60

Black River Guainia-320

Yakiguapo 41

San Miguel 102

Padamo 135

Tirikín 70

Botamo 80

Pimichin 32

Metaconi 175

Continamo 95

Written by :

Henrik Linde Bratfeldt

 

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